| 文 (sentence) |
敘述文/感嘆文/命令文/疑問文 |
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| 節 (clause) |
名詞節/疑問節/副詞節/連體節/引用節/並立節 |
|
| 句/語組 (phrase) |
聲調組/名詞句/動詞句/prepositional phrase |
phraseme |
| 單語 (word)/字 |
語幹(stem)/語尾 (desinence/ending)/品詞 (part of speech) |
語彙素 (lexeme) |
| 音節 (syllable) |
語基 (base)/衍生接辭 (derivational affix)/屈折接辭 (inflectional affix)/異形態 (allomorph)/combining form/語根 (root) |
語形態素 (morpheme)/語素 |
| 字母 (letter) |
初聲 (initial)/中聲 (medial)/終聲 (final)/聲調 (tonal)/鼻音化 (nasalization)/母音 (vowel)/準母音 (mater lectionis)/子音 (consonant) |
書記素 (grapheme) |
| character |
|
|
| 單音 (phone)/聲調 (tone) |
異音 (allophone) |
音素 (phoneme)/調素 (toneme) |
| 音聲記號 (phonetic alphabet) |
|
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